Mount Krakatau - Indonesia

Mount Krakatau or Krakatau island is a volcanic island is still active and is in the Sunda Strait between Java and Sumatra islands. 26-27 August 1883 Date mountain krakatau meletusa very powerful and the resulting tsunami killed about 36,000 people. Until December 26, 2004, this tsunami is that terdahsyat in Indian Ocean region. The crack was heard even in Alice Springs, Australia and the island of Rodrigues near Africa, 4653 miles. The yield is estimated at 30,000 times the atomic bomb that detonated on Hiroshima and Nagasaki at the end of World War II.

Krakatau eruption caused global climate change. Had a dark world for two and a half days due to volcanic ash that covered the atmosphere. The sun was shining dim until next year. Scattering dust in the sky Norway to New York.

Krakatoa explosion was actually still less than the eruption of Mount Toba and Tambora in Indonesia. However, these mountains erupt in the long human population is still very little.

Meanwhile, when Mount Krakatoa erupted, the human population is dense enough, science and technology has evolved, the telegraph was invented, and submarine cable has been installed. Thus we can say that moment of information technology is growing and growing rapidly.
Noted that the eruption of Krakatoa was the first major disaster in the world after the discovery of submarine telegraph. Progress is, unfortunately, has not been matched by progress in the field of geology. The geologist was not even able to give an explanation of these eruptions.

Mountain region saw Krakatoa in the Sunda Strait, experts estimate that in ancient times there is a huge mountain in the Sunda Strait that finally erupted which left a massive caldera (a large crater) called Ancient Mount Krakatoa, which is the parent of the eruption of Mount Krakatoa in 1883. The mountain is composed of andesitic rocks.

Note on the Ancient Krakatoa eruption taken from an ancient Javanese texts, entitled Library Parwa King estimated dating from 416 AD. It contained among other states:

"There was thunder booming voice came from Mount Batuwara. There is also a frightening shock earth, darkness, thunder and lightning. Then came the storm of wind and rain and all the terrible storms darkened the entire world. A great flood came from Batuwara Mountain and flows east to Mount Kamula .... When water drowning, the island of Java, separated into two, creating islands of Sumatra "

Geologists Berend George Escher and some other experts argue that natural events as told from the Ancient Mount Krakatoa, which in the text is called Mount Batuwara. According to the Parwa King Library, Ancient Krakatoa was high up to 2,000 meters above sea level, and the circle reaches the coast 11 kilometers.

Due to the great explosion, three-quarters of the body were destroyed leaving Ancient Krakatoa caldera (a large crater) in the Sunda Strait. The sides or edge kawahnya known as Rakata Island, Long Island and Island Sertung, in another note called Rakata island, Pulau Rakata Kecil and Pulau Sertung. The explosion was allegedly responsible for the occurrence of the dark ages on earth. Bubonic plague occurred due to cool temperatures. This plague is significantly reducing the number of people on earth.

This eruption was also considered contributing to the end of the heyday of ancient Persia, the transmutation of the Roman Empire to the Byzantine Empire, the end of the civilization of South Arabia, the extinction of a large Mayan city, Tikal, and the collapse of the Nazca civilization in South America enigmatic. Ancient Krakatoa explosion is estimated to last for 10 days with an estimated mass of vomit speeds reach 1 million tons per second.

The explosion has formed a shield 20-150 meters thick atmosphere, lower temperature of 10-20 degrees for 5-10 years.
Rakata Island, which is one of three remaining islands of Mount Krakatoa Ancient and grow in accordance with encouragement from the volcanic bowels of the earth known as Mount Krakatoa (or Mount Rakata), made of basaltic rock. Then, two volcanoes emerged from the crater, named Mount Danan and Mount Perbuwatan later merged with Mount Rakata is shown first. The third union volcano is called Mount Krakatoa.

Mount Krakatoa had erupted in the year 1680 produced andesitic lava acid. Then in 1880, Mount Perbuwatan active issue, although not erupt lava. After that time, there was no volcanic activity in Krakatoa until May 20, 1883. On that day, after 200 years of sleep, a small explosion at Mount Krakatoa. That's the first sign of eruption will occur in the Sunda Strait. This small explosion followed by small explosions that occurred on 26-27 summit in August 1883.

On the day Monday, August 27, 1883, promptly at 10:20, the mountain erupted. According to Simon Winchester, a geologist at Oxford University English graduate who is also the author of National Geographic said that the explosion was the biggest, loudest voice and volcanic events of the most devastating in modern human history. Letusannya voice sounded until 4600 km from the center of the explosion and can even be heard by the 1 / 8 inhabitants of the earth at that time.

According to researchers at the University of North Dakota, with the explosion of Krakatoa explosion of Tambora (1815) to record the value of Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) the largest in modern history. The Guinness Book of Records record the explosion of Krakatoa as the most powerful explosion recorded in history.

Krakatoa explosion had thrown stones pumice and volcanic ash with a volume of 18 cubic miles. A burst of dust vulkanisnya mencavai 80 km. Hard objects which flew into the air that fell on the plains of Java and Sumatra, even to Sri Lanka, India, Pakistan, Australia and New Zealand.
Eruption destroyed Danan Mountain, Mount Perbuwatan and partially Mount Rakata, where a half cone is missing, create a basin-wide depth of 7 km and 250 meters. Ocean waves rise as high as 40 meters to destroy the villages and what was in the coastal area. The tsunami was caused not only because of the eruption but also underwater avalanches.

Recorded the number of the dead reached 36,417 people from 295 villages from the coastal region Peacock (Attack) until CILAMAYA in Karawang, West coast of Banten to display on the island of Cape Panaitan (Ujung Kulon and the southern part of Sumatra. In Ujungkulon, the flood went up to 15 km to the west. The next day, until a few days later, residents Jakarta and Lampung hinterland no longer see the sun. Tsunami waves generated even creeping up to the Hawaiian coast, west coast of Central America and the Arabian Peninsula that 7 thousand miles away.